Ternyata ada situs yang memberikan manfaat yang baik untuk para "surfer" di dunia maya, selain memberikan bacaan untuk menambah ilmu, plus menghasilkan dollar.
contohnya, anda bisa masuk di readbud.com.
Situs ini menyediakan artikel-artikel berdasarkan minat anda, disana anda diberi pilihan untuk memilih 50 pilihan minat yang nantinya artikel-artikel akan dikirimkan pada account anda yang bertemakan dari minat yang anda pilih, dan anda bisa memilihnya, tapi lebih baik anda membaca artikel yang sudah disediakan. setelah anda membaca anda diminta untuk memberi rating terhadap artikel yang anda baca, karena setelah anda memberi rating maka readbud.com mengkalkulasikan dan memberikan imbalan atas jasa yang anda berikan, yaitu memberi rating.
Jumlah dollar setiap artikel lumayan jika untuk dikumpulkan, berkisar 0,04 sampai 0,12.
Dalam satu hari anda bisa membaca 10-18 artikel, tergantung berdasarkan minat yang anda pilih. Dan anda bisa menghasilkan $ 0,40 - $ 0,60 per hari, kalau dijumlahkan dalam satu bulan ya... lumayan lah buat nambah-nambah penghasilan lewat internet.
Salah satu sarat jika ingin mengambil uang yang kita hasilkan adalah jika sudah mencapai $ 50, dan akan dikirim lewat paypal.
Buat anda yang lagi mencari uang lewat internet, mungkin ini salah satu pilihan. Silahkan mencoba ..............
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Sunday, December 4, 2011
Saturday, November 26, 2011
MARC (Machine Readable Catalogue)
Dalam rangka pertukaran data bibliografi secara internasional maka dengan bantuan komputer serta perangkat telekomunikasi lainnya, kini telah dikembangkan MARC (Machine Readable Catalogue). Supaya pertukaran ini lancar maka digunakan standar UNIMARC atau Universal Marc. Dalam UNIMARC, data bibliografi dimasukkan dalam tengara (tag) yang telah ditentukan. Dengan demikian, terdapat keseragaman format sehingga segulung pita magnetic yang berisi data buku terbitan Indonesia bila dibaca oleh komputer dinegara lain, isinya sama seperti halnya bila pita tersebut dibaca di Indonesia.
MARC yang dikembangkan di Indonesia dikenal sebagai Indomarc, disusun oleh sebuah tim yang dibentuk oleh Perpustakaan Nasional RI.
MARC yang dikembangkan di Indonesia dikenal sebagai Indomarc, disusun oleh sebuah tim yang dibentuk oleh Perpustakaan Nasional RI.
SOFTWARE
Perangkat lunak atau software merupakan bahasa yang digunakan untuk mengoperasikan computer. Computer menerima informasi yang diolah selanjutnya perintah tersebut disimpan, ditafsirkan, dan dilaksanakan oleh computer, termasuk konversi informasi menjadi bentuk digital.
Kumpulan instruksi tersebut disimpan di piringan magnetis. Untuk menjalankan program computer mengambilnya dari sarana simpan ke RAM (Random Access Memory) dan isi instruksi dijalankan oleh CPU (Central Processing Unit).
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
FUNGSI PERPUSTAKAAN
Setiap perpustakaan diselenggarakan dengan maksud dan tujuan tertentu, dan ada perbedaan fungsi yang sifatnya lebih spesifik pada setiap jenis perpustakaan, namun pada umumnya perpustakaan mempunyai fungsi yang sama, yaitu:
1. Penyimpanan
Perpustakaan bertugas menyimpan koleksi (informasi) yang diterimanya, ini terlihat pada perpustakaan nasional setiap negara. Karena tidak semua bahan pustaka (koleksi yang mengandung informasi) harganya dapat terjangkau oleh masyarakat atau orang yang membutuhkan, maka pemeritah mempunyai salah satu cara untuk mengatasi keterbatasan pembelian koleksi, yaitu dengan mengeluarkan peraturan yang disebut Undang-Undang Deposit.
2. Pendidikan
Perpustakaan merupakan tempat belajar seumur hidup, lebih-lebih mereka yang sudah bekerja atau telah meninggalkan bangku sekolah ataupun putus sekolah.
3. Penelitian
Perpustakaan berfungsi menyediakan berbagai macam koleksi (informasi) untuk keperluan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh pemakai. Kedalaman dan cakupan pada setiap penelitian dapat berbeda meskipun topiknya sama, yakni tergantung pada tujuannya.
4. Informasi
Perpustakaan menyediakan informasi bagi pemakai yang disesuaikan dengan jenis perpustakaan. Ada beberapa kriteria yang harus dipenuhi jika perpustakaan dipandang sebagai sumber informasi, yaitu:
a. Menghimpun berbagai macam (sumber) informasi.
b. Mengolah bermacam-macam (sumber) informasi berdasarkan sistem tertentu.
c. Menyebarluaskan bermacam-macam (sumber) informasi kepada pemakai perpustakaan.
d. Dalam hal tertentu, berfungsi sebagai tempat lahirnya informasi.
e. Melestarikan berbagai macam (sumber) informasi.
f. Memberikan informas bagi masyarakat sekarang dan masyarakat yang akan datang.
5. Rekreasi Kultural
Perpustakaan berfungsi menyimpan khasanah budaya bangsa. Perpustakaan berperan meningkatkan apresiasi budaya dari masyarakat sekitar perpustakaan melalui penyediaan bahan bacaan.
PERPUSTAKAAN
Ada berbagai pengertian perpustakaan yang telah dibicarakan dalam berbagai sumber, namun secara umum perpustakaan dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu institusi yang didalamnya tercakup unsur koleksi (informasi), pengolahan, penyimpanan, dan pemakai. Pengertian perpustakaan saat ini bukan lagi sebuah gedung atau objek keepers melainkan sebuah sumber pengetahuan (Mallinger, 2003).
Pengertian perpustakaan secara sederhana adalah suatu unit kerja yang memiliki sumber daya manusia, “ruang khusus”, dan kumpulan koleksi sesuai dengan jenis perpustakaannya, sedangkan pengertian perpustakaan menurut Surat keputusan dari Menpan No. 18 tahun 1988 adalah suatu unit kerja yang sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai koleksi 1.000 judul bahan pustaka atau 2.500 eksemplar dan dibentuk dengan keputusan pejabat yang berwenang.
Kata-kata yang berhubungan dengan perpustakaan :
1. Pustaka atau buku atau kitab, yaitu kumpulan atau bahan berisi hasil tulisan atau cetakan, dijilid menjadi satu agar mudah dibaca dan sedikitnya berjumlah 48 halaman. Dari kata pustaka terbentuk kata turunan, antara lain perpustakaan, pustakawan, kepustakaan, ilmu perpustakaan, dan kepustakawanan.
2. Perpustakaan, secara umum, yaitu kumpulan buku atau bangunan fisik tempat buku dikumpulkan, disusun menurut system tertentu untuk kepentingan pemakai.
3. Pustakawan, yaitu orang yang bekerja di perpustakaan atau lembaga sejenisnya dan memiliki pendidikan perpustakaan secara formal (di Indonesia kriteria pendidikan minimal D2 dalam bidang ilmu perpustakaan, dokumentasi, dan informasi).
4. Kepustakaan, yaitu bahan bacaan cetak maupun rekam yang digunakan untuk menyusun karangan makalah, artikel, laporan ilmiah, dan sejenisnya.
5. Ilmu perpustakaan, yaitu ilmu yang mengkaji hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan perpustakaan, sedang cakupannya meliputi hal-hal sebagai berikut :
a. Perpustakaan sebagai suatu institusi, mencakup organisasi perpustakaan, perkembangannya, peranannya dalam masyarakat, dan sumbengan perpustakaan pada umat manusia.
b. Organisasi koleksi perpustakaan, cara mengolah, menyimpan, dan sistem temu kembalinya (informasi).
c. Pengawetan/pelestarian koleksi perpustakaan.
d. Penyebaran informasi dan jasa perpustakaan lain untuk kepentingan masyarakat.
e. Hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan jasa perpustakaan, seperti berbagai layanan perpustakaan bagi pemakai/anggoa.
6. Kepustakawanan, yaitu hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pustakawan, seperti profesi kepustakawanan dan penerapan ilmu, misalnya dalam hal pengadaan koleksi, pengolahan, pendayagunaan, dan penyebaran informasi kepada pemakai.
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Pentingnya Pustakawan Mempelajari Psikologi
Mengapa pustakawan perlu mempelajari psikologi?
Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan, kita lihat dulu tugas dari pustakawan. Tugas utama pustakawan adalah menyediakan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai. Agar hal ini dapat terlaksana maka pustakawan harus melakukan berbagai kegiatan mulai dari pengadaan bahan pustaka, penyebaran informasi, membimbing pemakai untuk dapat menggunakan perpustakaan dengan efektif, dan lain-lain.
Didalam melaksanakan tugasnya ini, pustakawan tidak hanya berhubungan dengan buku-buku, majalah maupun benda mati lainnya. Ia harus juga berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Sebagai bagian dari organisasi, seorang pustakawan harus dapat bekerjasama dengan atasan, bawahan maupun rekan sekerjanya. Ia juga harus berhubungan dengan penerbit, took buku ataupun distributor untuk memperoleh bahan pustaka. Ia juga harus menjalin kerja sama dengan sesama pustakawan baik untuk peningkatan pengetahuan maupun pertukaran informasi. Selain itu, pustakawan akan berinteraksi dengan pemakai.
Psikologi adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari tingkah laku. Pengetahuan tentang psikologi diharapkan dapat membantu pustakawan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain. Misalnya, kita akan tahu bagaimana cara memotivasi bawahan, bagaimana menyelesaikan konflik dengan rekan sekerja, bagaimana menjalin kerja sama dengan orang lain. Dalam kaitannya dengan pemakai, pustakawan dapat memberikan layanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, keinginan dan karakter si pemakai. Kita harus menyadari bahwa cara melayani pemakai tidaklah selalu tergantung dari kebutuhan dan karakter pemakai. Ada pemakai yang senang diajak bicara, tetapi ada pula pemakai yang lebih suka untuk dilayani dengan cepat tanpa basa-basi. Ada pemakai yang pemalu, sehingga perlu kita sapa. Tetapi ada pula pemakai yang lebih suka mencari informasi tanpa bantuan pustakawan. Pustakawan harus belajar mengenal karakter pemakai. Jika pemakai puas dengan layanan yang diterimanya berarti kebutuhan pengguna telah terpenuhi.
Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan, kita lihat dulu tugas dari pustakawan. Tugas utama pustakawan adalah menyediakan informasi yang dibutuhkan oleh pemakai. Agar hal ini dapat terlaksana maka pustakawan harus melakukan berbagai kegiatan mulai dari pengadaan bahan pustaka, penyebaran informasi, membimbing pemakai untuk dapat menggunakan perpustakaan dengan efektif, dan lain-lain.
Didalam melaksanakan tugasnya ini, pustakawan tidak hanya berhubungan dengan buku-buku, majalah maupun benda mati lainnya. Ia harus juga berinteraksi dengan orang lain. Sebagai bagian dari organisasi, seorang pustakawan harus dapat bekerjasama dengan atasan, bawahan maupun rekan sekerjanya. Ia juga harus berhubungan dengan penerbit, took buku ataupun distributor untuk memperoleh bahan pustaka. Ia juga harus menjalin kerja sama dengan sesama pustakawan baik untuk peningkatan pengetahuan maupun pertukaran informasi. Selain itu, pustakawan akan berinteraksi dengan pemakai.
Psikologi adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang mempelajari tingkah laku. Pengetahuan tentang psikologi diharapkan dapat membantu pustakawan dalam berhubungan dengan orang lain. Misalnya, kita akan tahu bagaimana cara memotivasi bawahan, bagaimana menyelesaikan konflik dengan rekan sekerja, bagaimana menjalin kerja sama dengan orang lain. Dalam kaitannya dengan pemakai, pustakawan dapat memberikan layanan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan, keinginan dan karakter si pemakai. Kita harus menyadari bahwa cara melayani pemakai tidaklah selalu tergantung dari kebutuhan dan karakter pemakai. Ada pemakai yang senang diajak bicara, tetapi ada pula pemakai yang lebih suka untuk dilayani dengan cepat tanpa basa-basi. Ada pemakai yang pemalu, sehingga perlu kita sapa. Tetapi ada pula pemakai yang lebih suka mencari informasi tanpa bantuan pustakawan. Pustakawan harus belajar mengenal karakter pemakai. Jika pemakai puas dengan layanan yang diterimanya berarti kebutuhan pengguna telah terpenuhi.
Monday, October 17, 2011
EBooks: Friend or Foe?
Publishing is a $35 billion industry. Up until just a few years ago, that meant almost exclusively books, magazines, newspapers, and other small items such as brochures and business cards. The internet has changed all that in more ways than one. Enter the eBook, or downloadable electronic book. Although early versions of the eBook have been around since the 1970’s, it wasn’t until late in 2007 that Amazon’s eBook Reader, the Kindle, was released, and not until 2009 that dedicated reading hardware was produced. According to the Association of American Publishers, eBook sales rose 176.6% to $169.5 million in 2009. Another report, this one conducted by Forrester Research, an independent research company that provides pragmatic and forward-thinking advice to global leaders in business and technology, predicts that eBook sales will cross the $1 billion line in 2011.
When I first realized that eBook Readers were already starting to render the paperback book obsolete, I became distraught. That’s because I had been working on my science fiction novel, on and off, for the better part of the last twenty years and it was very near completion. My novel was always meant to be a paperback; a handy little book that could easily fit in a backpack or a purse. I even knew what the cover art would look like: planet Earth in the background with my main character leaving orbit in his tiny spaceship while two unfolding alien spacecraft approached. I had it all figured out. I knew the printing industry was already getting hit hard but I figured the unique tactile act of reading a paperback book still had a good decade left in it. I don’t believe that anymore. Of course, there will be die-hard paperback fans for many years to come, but eBook Readers are already starting to mimic the experience of having an actual book in your hands. It finally dawned on me that eBook Readers were not my enemy, they were, in fact, very much my friend.
Finding a publisher who is willing to invest their time and money to print thousands of copies of a book written by an unknown author is extremely difficult, to say the least. However, with services such as Amazon.com and Smashwords.com, an unknown author can publish a completed novel, poetry manuscript, or collection of short stories and make it available for sale to basically anyone with internet access in a single day. And the best part is that It’s Free! There are, of course, many more online publishers than just Amazon and Smashwords but many of them are not free. I did finish my novel and published it to Amazon.com’s Kindle platform and Smashwords.com for sale at $9.99. It’s very exciting to see copies of my eBook being bought by people who somehow found my novel among the millions of titles already available through a number of online publishers. I then decided to publish a collection of poetry that I compiled from my high school and college years.
So if you’ve written your memoirs, or have a book length manuscript, or even a collection of short stories or poetry, I highly recommend that you put them up for sale at Amazon.com’s Kindle Store and Smashwords.com. Remember, it’s totally free. Simply go to www.Amazon.com and find the “Self-publish with Us” link at the bottom of the page. Then simply click the “Get Started” link in the Kindle Books section of that page. From there you can set up your account, upload your manuscript, and then name your price. According to the research I’ve done, it’s wise not to price your book too low or potential customers will get the impression that it’s of lesser value than the higher priced options available in the same category. I decided that $9.99 was a reasonable price for my book since it consisted of 36 chapters containing nearly 120,000 words- the length of a decent paperback. $9.99 may seem high for a paperback-length book but there are thousands of eBook titles selling successfully in the $20-$30 range. Granted, many of those higher priced titles are best selling books that have been available to the general public for decades in print form. But because your book is new, it just may attract a customer base that could put some extra cash in your pocket or simply get you noticed for other potentially profitable projects.
Make sure that your manuscript starts out strong because one of the services offered by eBook publishers is a free sample of your work, usually the first 20%. Selling your book is a tough business, but for those of us who believe that what we’re writing is worthwhile for others to read, there’s always a chance for great success. And remember, your customers don’t even need an eBook reader to enjoy your book; they can download it to any PC, Mac, iPad, iPhone, Blackberry, or Android. I invite all the readers of this article to sample the first few chapters of my science fiction novel “Rise of The Kek” and my poetry manuscript “The Universe Can Never Be Complete” for free. Simply search for either title at Amazon.com or Smashwords.com.
by: John Joseph Burhop
When I first realized that eBook Readers were already starting to render the paperback book obsolete, I became distraught. That’s because I had been working on my science fiction novel, on and off, for the better part of the last twenty years and it was very near completion. My novel was always meant to be a paperback; a handy little book that could easily fit in a backpack or a purse. I even knew what the cover art would look like: planet Earth in the background with my main character leaving orbit in his tiny spaceship while two unfolding alien spacecraft approached. I had it all figured out. I knew the printing industry was already getting hit hard but I figured the unique tactile act of reading a paperback book still had a good decade left in it. I don’t believe that anymore. Of course, there will be die-hard paperback fans for many years to come, but eBook Readers are already starting to mimic the experience of having an actual book in your hands. It finally dawned on me that eBook Readers were not my enemy, they were, in fact, very much my friend.
Finding a publisher who is willing to invest their time and money to print thousands of copies of a book written by an unknown author is extremely difficult, to say the least. However, with services such as Amazon.com and Smashwords.com, an unknown author can publish a completed novel, poetry manuscript, or collection of short stories and make it available for sale to basically anyone with internet access in a single day. And the best part is that It’s Free! There are, of course, many more online publishers than just Amazon and Smashwords but many of them are not free. I did finish my novel and published it to Amazon.com’s Kindle platform and Smashwords.com for sale at $9.99. It’s very exciting to see copies of my eBook being bought by people who somehow found my novel among the millions of titles already available through a number of online publishers. I then decided to publish a collection of poetry that I compiled from my high school and college years.
So if you’ve written your memoirs, or have a book length manuscript, or even a collection of short stories or poetry, I highly recommend that you put them up for sale at Amazon.com’s Kindle Store and Smashwords.com. Remember, it’s totally free. Simply go to www.Amazon.com and find the “Self-publish with Us” link at the bottom of the page. Then simply click the “Get Started” link in the Kindle Books section of that page. From there you can set up your account, upload your manuscript, and then name your price. According to the research I’ve done, it’s wise not to price your book too low or potential customers will get the impression that it’s of lesser value than the higher priced options available in the same category. I decided that $9.99 was a reasonable price for my book since it consisted of 36 chapters containing nearly 120,000 words- the length of a decent paperback. $9.99 may seem high for a paperback-length book but there are thousands of eBook titles selling successfully in the $20-$30 range. Granted, many of those higher priced titles are best selling books that have been available to the general public for decades in print form. But because your book is new, it just may attract a customer base that could put some extra cash in your pocket or simply get you noticed for other potentially profitable projects.
Make sure that your manuscript starts out strong because one of the services offered by eBook publishers is a free sample of your work, usually the first 20%. Selling your book is a tough business, but for those of us who believe that what we’re writing is worthwhile for others to read, there’s always a chance for great success. And remember, your customers don’t even need an eBook reader to enjoy your book; they can download it to any PC, Mac, iPad, iPhone, Blackberry, or Android. I invite all the readers of this article to sample the first few chapters of my science fiction novel “Rise of The Kek” and my poetry manuscript “The Universe Can Never Be Complete” for free. Simply search for either title at Amazon.com or Smashwords.com.
by: John Joseph Burhop
The Origins Of Your Blogs Succsess
Blog success originates not from the fancy layouts or nifty widgets but rather from the unique content found on the blogging platform! If what the site administrator offers viewers continues to be interesting and relevant reading material people will continue to return! It all boils down to the personal commitment of the individual blogger insofar as to the success of the blogging platform itself!
Here are 5 things any individual will need to supply if they intend to become a popular blogger!
Idea
The starting point for any blog is the 'seed' or idea behind it's purpose and what the reading material contained within will be based upon! The theme is crucial from the standpoint that you want to be sure there is an audience for it and most especially if you intend to make money! The theme you decide upon gives you a way in which to direct your efforts since you want to maintain a certain focus when composing updates.
Motivation
Ideas are merely thoughts or dreams until you decide to take a definitive action towards making them a reality! Taking the first step is typically the hardest when entering into anything new and when launching a blogging platform it is recommended to compose a series of posts! The point here is you want visitors to have more than one update to view or they may not take your site serious enough to even return. The more posts you display the greater the commitment you will reflect to visitors!
Focus
This helps you to coordinate your efforts for the best results but just as importantly your focus will help you stay consistent with the theme of your site. It will do little good if you continue to veer away from the theme since it will confuse readers and even discourage them from returning! The main objective is create unique content that is relevant to the theme so you can attract visitors and then develop their loyalty!
Patience
This supplies the persistence you need while you wait for the results you want while also helping you beat back any feelings of frustration! Remember a successful blogging platform is one that has a loyal following but viewer loyalty does not occur overnight, it takes time!
Curiosity
Without a deeply rooted curiosity or passion it will make both your research and writing efforts more difficult! People expect to see high quality and unique content when they land on your site and it is up to you to create it but if you lack the inner drive to do so the platform will fade from existence! It is always highly recommended to consider your own level of interest when selecting a theme for just these reasons!
Blog success is much more a product of the unique content found on the blogging platform itself and not the fancy designs or widgets being used. It all comes down to people wanting reading material of interest to them and finding a source they feel is reliable. Once this occurs reader loyalty begins to develop but only after a period of time! This is why the origin and success of the blogging platform is wholly dependent upon the initiative and commitment of the site administrator! After all the use of fancy designs or widgets are no substitute for the 5 things only a blogger can supply as discussed here today!
by: TJ Pilphot
Here are 5 things any individual will need to supply if they intend to become a popular blogger!
Idea
The starting point for any blog is the 'seed' or idea behind it's purpose and what the reading material contained within will be based upon! The theme is crucial from the standpoint that you want to be sure there is an audience for it and most especially if you intend to make money! The theme you decide upon gives you a way in which to direct your efforts since you want to maintain a certain focus when composing updates.
Motivation
Ideas are merely thoughts or dreams until you decide to take a definitive action towards making them a reality! Taking the first step is typically the hardest when entering into anything new and when launching a blogging platform it is recommended to compose a series of posts! The point here is you want visitors to have more than one update to view or they may not take your site serious enough to even return. The more posts you display the greater the commitment you will reflect to visitors!
Focus
This helps you to coordinate your efforts for the best results but just as importantly your focus will help you stay consistent with the theme of your site. It will do little good if you continue to veer away from the theme since it will confuse readers and even discourage them from returning! The main objective is create unique content that is relevant to the theme so you can attract visitors and then develop their loyalty!
Patience
This supplies the persistence you need while you wait for the results you want while also helping you beat back any feelings of frustration! Remember a successful blogging platform is one that has a loyal following but viewer loyalty does not occur overnight, it takes time!
Curiosity
Without a deeply rooted curiosity or passion it will make both your research and writing efforts more difficult! People expect to see high quality and unique content when they land on your site and it is up to you to create it but if you lack the inner drive to do so the platform will fade from existence! It is always highly recommended to consider your own level of interest when selecting a theme for just these reasons!
Blog success is much more a product of the unique content found on the blogging platform itself and not the fancy designs or widgets being used. It all comes down to people wanting reading material of interest to them and finding a source they feel is reliable. Once this occurs reader loyalty begins to develop but only after a period of time! This is why the origin and success of the blogging platform is wholly dependent upon the initiative and commitment of the site administrator! After all the use of fancy designs or widgets are no substitute for the 5 things only a blogger can supply as discussed here today!
by: TJ Pilphot
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